EYE EMERGENCIES

Recognizing Eye Emergencies

Eye emergencies encompass a range of conditions and injuries, including trauma, foreign objects in the eye, chemical exposure, burns, and photic retinopathy. Because the eye is delicate, injuries can lead to serious complications, including permanent vision loss if not promptly treated. Other urgent issues, such as glaucoma, blood clots, or sudden vision changes, also require immediate medical attention.

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Symptoms of an Eye Emergency

If you experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical help immediately:

• Bleeding or unusual discharge from the eye

• Bruising or swelling around the eye

• Blurry or decreased vision

• Double vision

• Partial or total vision loss

• Unequal pupil size

• Severe eye pain

• Persistent headaches

• Itchy, red, or bloodshot eyes

• A feeling of something stuck in the eye

• Sensitivity to light

• Burning or stinging sensation

• Bulging or protruding eye

• Nausea or headache with eye pain (possible sign of glaucoma or stroke)

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Common Eye Injuries and Their Causes

Black Eye

A black eye is often the result of blunt trauma, causing bruising from bleeding under the skin. Swelling and discoloration typically subside within two weeks. However, if trauma affects the inside of the eye, it can lead to complications such as hyphema (bleeding in the eye) or skull fractures that cause secondary bruising.

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Chemical Injuries

Chemical burns can occur from household cleaning solutions, industrial chemicals, or airborne fumes. Immediate flushing with water or saline is crucial. While acid burns may heal, alkaline substances (such as drain cleaners or lye) can cause permanent corneal damage.

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Photic Retinopathy

Prolonged exposure to bright light sources such as the sun, lasers, or arc welders can damage the retina, particularly the macula. If you suspect photic retinopathy, seek an eye exam promptly.

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First Aid for Eye Injuries

If you experience an eye injury:

• Apply a clean, cold compress to reduce swelling but avoid pressure.

• Do NOT rub or apply pressure to the eye.

• Do NOT attempt to remove foreign objects stuck in the eye.

• Do NOT use tweezers or tools to remove debris (only cotton swabs on the eyelid).

• Do NOT use medications or ointments without medical advice.

• If wearing contact lenses, do not remove them unless there is a chemical exposure and they do not flush out with water.

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Preventing Eye Injuries

Eye injuries can occur anywhere, from the workplace to the home. Take these precautions to protect your vision:

• Wear protective eyewear when using power tools or playing sports.

• Follow safety guidelines when handling chemicals.

• Keep sharp objects out of children’s reach.

• Avoid looking directly at bright light sources, including the sun.

• Keep a safe distance from amateur fireworks.

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Seek Immediate Medical Attention

If you sustain an eye injury, early medical intervention is crucial to prevent lasting damage. Don’t delay—contact an eye care professional if you experience any concerning symptoms or trauma.